Geomorphological indicators of large-scale climatic changes in the Eastern Bolivian lowlands
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چکیده
Geomorphological indicators of large-scale climatic changes in the Eastern Bolivian lowlands This study provides an inventory of geomorphologi¬ cal landforms in Eastern Bolivia at different spatial scales. Landforms and associated processes are interpreted and discussed regarding landscape evolution and paleoclimatic significance. Thereby. preliminary conclusions about past climate changes and the geo¬ morphic evolution in Eastern Bolivia can be pro¬ vided. Fluvial and aeolian processes are presently restricted to a few locations in the study area. A much more active landscape has been inferred from large-scale Channel shifts and extensive paleodune Systems. Mobilization. transport and deposition of Sediments are thought to be the result of climatic conditions drier than today. However. there are also indications of formerly wetter conditions such as fluvial erosion and paleolake basins. In conclusion, the documentation and interpretation of the manifold landforms has shown to contain a considerable amount of paleoecological information, which might serve as the base for further paleoclimatic research in the central part of tropical South America. Zusammenfassung: Rekonstruktion großflächiger Klimaänderungen im ostbolivianischen Tiefland anhand geomorphologischer Indikatoren Die vorliegende Arbeit dokumentiert die geomorphologischen Formen in Ostbolivien. Formen und damit assoziierte Prozesse werden landschaftsgeschichtlich interpretiert und hinsichtlich ihrer paläoklimatischen Relevanz diskutiert. So können erste Aussagen über Klimawandel in der geomorphologischen Entwick¬ lung Ostboliviens getroffen werden. Die fluviale und aeolische Aktivität ist heute auf kleine Bereiche im Untersuchungsraum beschränkt. Ausge¬ dehnte Paläodünensysteme und grosse Flussumlage¬ rungen deuten auf eine viel aktivere Landschaft in der Vergangenheit hin. Dabei werden die Mobilisierung, der Transport und die Ablagerung der Sedimente als Resultat trockenerer Klimabedingungen interpretiert. Allerdings geben Paläoseen und Anzeichen fluvialer Erosion auch Hinweise auf feuchtere Verhältnisse in der Vergangenheit. Insgesamt hält die Dokumenta¬ tion und Interpretation der vielfältigen Formen einen beachtlichen Teil an paläoökologischer Information bereit, welche als Ausgangspunkt für weitere paläokli¬ matische Forschungen im zentralen Teil des tropischen Südamerika dienen kann. Resume: Indicateurs geomorphologiques revelateurs de changements climatiques ä grande echelle dans les basses terres de l'est de la Bolivie Cette etude propose un inventaire des formes geo¬ morphologiques de l'est de la Bolivie ä differentes echelles. Les formes du relief et les processus qui leur sonl associes sont interpretes et discutes en regard de l'evolution du paysage et de son importance paleoclimalique. Ce faisant. il devient possible de tirer des conclusions preliminaires quant aux changements cli¬ matiques anciens et a l'evolution geomorphologique de l'est de la Bolivie. 134 Geographica Helvetica Jg. 61 2006/Heft 2 Bien que les processus fluviatiles et eoliens soient aujourd'hui limites ä un nombre restreint de sites dans la zone d'etude, des observations ä plus petite echelle montrent des chenaux concernes par des changements importants et des systemes paleodunaires etendus. La mobilisation, le transport et le depöt des Sediments resultent alors de conditions climatiques plus seches qu'aujourd'hui. On trouve neanmoins egalement des preuves de conditions plus humides, telles que de l'erosion fluviatile et des bassins paleolacustres. En conclusion, l'analyse et 1'interpretation des nom¬ breuses formes du relief fournissent un nombre con¬ siderable d'informations paleoecologiques, lesquelles pourraient servir de base ä d'autres recherches paleo¬ climatiques dans la partie centrale de l'Amerique du Sud tropicale. Dipl.-Geogr. Jan-Hendrik May, Institute of Geogra¬ phy, University of Berne, Hallerstrasse 12, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland. e-mail: [email protected] Manuskripteingang/received/mantiscrit entre le 15.2.2006 Annahme zum Dntck/accepted for publication/accepte pour Timpression: 23.6.2006
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تاریخ انتشار 2012